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[Morphological and Quantitative Changes in Retinal and Optic Nerve Vessels in Experimental Glaucoma Model with
Carolina Mann1, Fabian Anders1, Hanhan Liu1
1Universitäts-Augenklinik, Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|March 29, 2018
Summary
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats significantly reduced optic nerve capillary size and retinal vessel calibre. These vascular changes in glaucoma may precede neuronal damage, contributing to vision loss.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Vascular Biology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Glaucoma involves progressive retinal ganglion cell and axon loss.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of glaucomatous damage are under investigation.
- Primary damage in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) — neurons or capillaries — remains debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate IOP-induced vascular changes in optic nerve head and retinal vessels in vivo.
- To determine the early vascular response to elevated IOP in experimental glaucoma.
Main Methods:
- Experimental glaucoma induced in rats via episcleral vein cauterization.
- Retinal vessel calibre measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
- Optic nerve cross-sections analyzed for vessel number, calibre, and area.
Main Results:
- Significantly elevated IOP confirmed in experimental eyes.
- No significant difference in optic nerve capillary number observed.
- Significant reduction in optic nerve capillary calibre and area (p<0.001).
- Significant reduction in retinal vessel calibre by 9.22% (p=0.021).
Conclusions:
- Retinal arterioles and optic nerve capillaries exhibit high sensitivity and early vulnerability to elevated IOP.
- Vascular responses to IOP may drive secondary neuronal damage in glaucoma.
- Early vascular changes are critical to understanding glaucoma pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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