Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
Published on: February 11, 2014
Electroretinographical determination of human color vision type
Abstract:
It has been previously demonstrated that electroretinography (ERG) elicited by heterochromatically modulated stimuli can be used for objective determination of color vision type. Color vision of trichromatic, deuteranopic, and protanopic participants was psychophysically assessed by the Cambridge Color Test and confirmed genetically. ERG responses to red and green lights modulating in counterphase at 12 and 36 Hz were recorded, while the fraction of red modulation was varied. At 36 Hz (and second harmonics at 12 Hz), the responses were minimal at red fractions that differed significantly in protanopes. At 12 Hz (fundamental component), the responses of the trichromats differed significantly compared to those of the dichromats. An improved protocol shows that the three subject groups can be separated with no overlap.
Related Concept Videos
Color Vision
Vision
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Determining Order of Reaction

