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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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Treating Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes.

Adam J Nelson1, Stephen J Nicholls1

  • 1South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.

Cardiology Clinics
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes often involves abnormal lipid levels, increasing cardiovascular risk. Statins offer proven benefits, while other lipid therapies target specific abnormalities, with novel treatments under investigation.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular riskClinical trialsDiabetesLipids

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is linked to adverse lipid profiles, including high triglycerides and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
  • These dyslipidemias contribute significantly to the increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk observed in diabetic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established and emerging lipid-modifying treatment strategies for patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • To discuss the role of statin therapy and the selection of additional agents based on specific lipid abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data and current guidelines regarding lipid management in type 2 diabetes.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and indications for various lipid-lowering medications.

Main Results:

  • Statin therapy has demonstrated clear cardiovascular benefits in patients with diabetes.
  • Treatment with additional lipid-modifying agents is individualized based on specific lipid profiles and risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal lipid management in type 2 diabetes requires a comprehensive approach, utilizing statins and other agents as indicated.
  • Ongoing research into novel therapies holds promise for further improving cardiovascular outcomes in this population.