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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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Published on: April 22, 2016
Carbazole-based compounds as photoinitiators for free radical and cationic polymerization upon near visible light
Assi Al Mousawi1, Ahmad Arar2, Malika Ibrahim-Ouali3
1Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361 - UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France. jacques.lalevee@uha.fr and Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Liban.
Abstract:
Six new carbazole based compounds (Ca1-Ca6) are synthesized and proposed as high performance photoinitiators with iodonium salt (iod) and/or an amine (EDB) for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides upon near UV and visible light exposure using light emitting diodes (LEDs) @385 nm and @405 nm. Excellent polymerization initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are acquired. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is given.
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