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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

1.0K
Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
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Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

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Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
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Beams01:30

Beams

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Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
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Deflection of a Beam01:19

Deflection of a Beam

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Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
Singularity functions, described in an earlier lesson, are powerful mathematical tools that represent discontinuities within a function commonly encountered in structural loading...
748
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

481
In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
481
Principal Stresses in a Beam01:11

Principal Stresses in a Beam

757
In prismatic beams subject to arbitrary transverse loading, It is essential to analyze the interaction between shear forces and bending moments in order to understand stress distribution and ensure structural integrity. The highest normal or bending stress occurs at the outer fibers of the beam, decreasing linearly to zero at the neutral axis. In contrast, shear stress peaks at the neutral axis and diminishes toward the outer surfaces.
Analyzing principal stresses is crucial, especially in...
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Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
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Dynamic beam filtering for miscentered patients.

Andrew Mao1, William Shyr1, Grace J Gang1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|April 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces dynamic x-ray beam filters for CT imaging, improving image quality and reducing dose for miscentered patients. Dynamic filters adjust positioning, minimizing noise and dose variations compared to static filters.

Keywords:
Patient centeringdynamic filtrationfluence-field modulationmultiple aperture devices

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiological Physics

Background:

  • Patient miscentering in CT scans leads to increased radiation dose and image noise.
  • Traditional bowtie filters are sensitive to patient positioning, impacting image consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a dynamic x-ray beam filter system for CT.
  • To improve image quality and dose efficiency in the presence of patient miscentering.

Main Methods:

  • A system using scout images to model patient geometry and optimize filter motion was proposed.
  • Dynamic filtration was tested with bowtie and multiple aperture device (MAD) filters on a CBCT bench.
  • Performance was compared to static filters under varying degrees of phantom miscentering.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic filter trajectories were sinusoidal, adapting to miscentering.
  • Dynamic filtration significantly reduced dose and noise deviations, e.g., noise deviation reduced from 53% to 15% with a bowtie filter.
  • The MAD filter also showed substantial improvements in dose and noise control.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic beam filter positioning enhances dose utilization and image quality for miscentered CT patients.
  • This technology can relax patient positioning requirements, potentially reducing setup time and radiation dose.