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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.7K
Halogens03:01

Halogens

23.6K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
23.6K
Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

35.8K
Bond Polarity
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding.

Gabriella Cavallo1, Duncan W Bruce2, Giancarlo Terraneo3

  • 1Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano; gabriella.cavallo@polimi.it.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|April 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for creating ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) using halogen bonding (XB). This approach successfully combines immiscible hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon materials into functional liquid crystals.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Hydrocarbons (HCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) typically exhibit immiscibility.
  • Designing functional materials often requires overcoming such phase separation issues.
  • Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are a class of materials with unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bottom-up strategy for designing novel ionic liquid crystals (ILCs).
  • To utilize halogen bonding (XB) for creating supramolecular complexes between HCs and PFCs.
  • To establish new design principles for mesogen development.

Main Methods:

  • Employing halogen bonding (XB) as a specific interaction for molecular assembly.
  • Synthesizing supramolecular complexes using 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodides and iodoperfluorocarbons.
  • Characterizing the resulting materials using X-ray structure analysis and thermal methods.

Main Results:

  • Successfully overcame the immiscibility of HCs and PFCs through XB-driven self-assembly.
  • Obtained enantiotropic liquid crystals with a rigid, non-aromatic, XB supramolecular anion core.
  • Observed layered structures and smectic mesophases due to perfluoroalkyl chain segregation.
  • Developed ILCs with melting points below 100 °C, many exhibiting room-temperature mesomorphism.

Conclusions:

  • Halogen bonding provides a powerful tool for designing novel supramolecular materials.
  • This strategy enables the creation of a new class of functional ionic liquid crystals.
  • The findings offer new design principles for mesogens and advanced functional materials.