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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering
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Electrospun Cytocompatible Polycaprolactone Blend Composite with Enhanced Wettability for Bone Tissue Engineering.

V Yogeshwar Chakrapani, T S Sampath Kumar, Deepa K Raj

    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    |April 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Electrospun composite scaffolds made from polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) show promise for bone tissue engineering. These materials enhance cell growth and proliferation, mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM).

    Keywords:
    Electrospun ScaffoldsPCL/PBAPCL/HA CompositeEnhanced WettabilityCytocompatible Mat

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Tissue Engineering
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Electrospinning creates nanofibrous scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), crucial for cell growth.
    • Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(1,4-butylene adipate-co-polycaprolactam) (PBAPCL) blends with hydroxyapatite (HA) are explored for enhanced properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To fabricate PCL/PBAPCL blend composite scaffolds incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA).
    • To evaluate the wettability, osseointegrative properties, and cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of composite scaffolds using electrospinning.
    • Characterization using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    • Assessment of wettability via contact angle analysis and in vitro cytocompatibility using Live/Dead assay, MTT assay, and cell adhesion studies.

    Main Results:

    • FT-IR and XRD confirmed the presence of PCL, PBAPCL, and HA, indicating molecular interactions and a semi-crystalline structure.
    • SEM analysis showed fiber diameters ranging from 400–600 nm, with composite fibers being larger than polymer-only counterparts.
    • Improved wettability and enhanced cytocompatibility, cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation were observed for the composite scaffolds.

    Conclusions:

    • The electrospun PCL/PBAPCL/HA composite scaffolds exhibit improved wettability and osseointegrative potential.
    • The incorporation of PBAPCL and HA positively influences cell behavior, making the composite a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.