Risk factors in the domestic environment for falls in children under five years of age

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Environmental Health
• Public Health

Background:

• Falls are a leading cause of injury in children under five.
• The domestic environment plays a significant role in child fall incidents.
• Understanding specific environmental risk factors is crucial for effective prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify domestic environmental risk factors associated with falls in children under five years of age.
• To analyze the relationship between specific household features and fall occurrences.
• To inform the development of targeted safety interventions.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted with 344 caregivers of children in Northeast Brazil.
• Data were collected using socio-economic questionnaires and environmental observation checklists.
• Bivariate analyses, including Pearson's Chi-square test, were employed to assess associations.

Main Results:

• High nets (p = 0.015), staircases or steps lacking handrails (p = 0.003), and obstructed exits/passages (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with increased fall risk.
• These findings highlight specific, modifiable environmental hazards.
• Statistical significance was established for identified risk factors.

Conclusions:

• Specific domestic environmental factors are significantly linked to fall risks in young children.
• There is a clear need for prevention strategies addressing home structure and organization.
• Modifying the domestic environment is essential for reducing pediatric fall injuries.