[Diagnosis of dry eye disease]

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ophthalmological diseases with an increasing prevalence in recent years. Numerous general and ocular risk factors exist for the development of DED. The pathogenesis of DED is multifactorial and complex, characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, inflammatory mechanisms at the ocular surface, hyperosmolarity of tears and neurosensory abnormalities. DED is classified into the two sub-categories, aqueous deficient dry eye and evaporative dry eye. Apart from a detailed patient history, basic and complementary diagnostic tests are necessary to enable an individualized and efficient therapy. Moreover, subjective symptom questionnaires and interdisciplinary cooperations are beneficial in a thorough work-up of these patients.