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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
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Possible superconductivity in the Bismuth IV solid phase under pressure.

Ariel A Valladares1, Isaías Rodríguez2, David Hinojosa-Romero3

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, México. valladar@unam.mx.

Scientific Reports
|April 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bismuth (Bi) can superconduct, but the Bi-IV phase has remained elusive. This study predicts Bi-IV superconductivity at 4.25 K using a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer approach, explaining its previous elusiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • The Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory explains superconductivity but has been questioned for semimetals like Bismuth (Bi).
  • Previous work predicted and confirmed Bi superconductivity at millikelvin temperatures, yet the Bi-IV phase remains unobserved as a superconductor.
  • Understanding superconductivity in different Bi phases is crucial for materials science and condensed matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic and vibrational properties of the Bi-IV phase.
  • To determine the potential for superconductivity in the Bi-IV phase using a BCS approach.
  • To explain why superconductivity in Bi-IV has been experimentally elusive.

Main Methods:

  • Computational study of electronic band structure and phonon spectra for Bi-IV.
  • Application of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory to predict superconducting transition temperature (Tc).
  • Analysis of material properties to infer reasons for experimental elusiveness.

Main Results:

  • The study presents a detailed analysis of the electronic and vibrational properties of Bi-IV.
  • A superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 4.25 K is predicted for Bi-IV using a BCS approach.
  • The findings suggest that Bi-IV is a potential superconductor at accessible cryogenic temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • The Bi-IV phase is predicted to be a superconductor at 4.25 K, consistent with BCS theory.
  • This prediction offers a new avenue for experimental research into superconductivity in Bismuth phases.
  • The study contributes to the broader understanding of superconductivity in elemental materials.