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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

81.7K
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.7K
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

6.5K
Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
6.5K
GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

5.6K
GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
A sequence of 11 enzymatic reactions results in the synthesis of the complete GPI anchor consisting of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion. The hydrophobic portion comprises phosphatidylinositol, while the hydrophilic part comprises polar groups like phosphoethanolamine,...
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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli
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Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

Published on: January 6, 2015

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Membrane protein-based biosensors.

Nobuo Misawa1, Toshihisa Osaki1,2, Shoji Takeuchi3,2

  • 1Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|April 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores membrane protein biosensors, highlighting their superior specificity for detecting environmental stimuli. We cover lipid bilayer and cell-based platforms, discussing recent advancements and future applications in biosensing.

Keywords:
biosensorlipid bilayermembrane proteinnanoporeolfactory receptor

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Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Membrane proteins are crucial for biological sensing, detecting environmental stimuli like smell and taste.
  • Their high specificity to target molecules makes them promising for biosensor development, outperforming traditional sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in biosensors utilizing membrane protein functions.
  • To classify and discuss two main platforms for membrane protein-based biosensors: lipid bilayer and cell-based.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on membrane protein biosensors.
  • Classification of biosensors into lipid bilayer-based and cell-based platforms.
  • Discussion of fundamental principles and recent progress for each platform.

Main Results:

  • Membrane proteins offer superior specificity for target molecule detection.
  • Two primary platforms exist: lipid bilayer (protein embedded in lipid bridging to sensor) and cell-based (protein expressed in cultured cells integrated into sensor).
  • Both platforms show significant progress and potential for practical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane protein biosensors represent a significant advancement in sensing technology due to their inherent specificity.
  • Continued development of both lipid bilayer and cell-based platforms is expected to lead to practical and effective biosensing solutions.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlining future directions for biosensor applications.