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Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
Drew C Baird1, Garrett J Meyers1, Jocelyn S Hu2
1Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX, USA.
American Family Physician
|April 20, 2018
Summary
Testicular cancer is a common cancer in young men, but has a high survival rate with treatment. Early detection through physical exams and scrotal ultrasound is key for diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
Background:
- Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor in males aged 15-34.
- The overall five-year survival rate is 97% with effective treatment.
- Risk factors include cryptorchidism, family history, age, ethnicity, and infertility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to testicular cancer.
- To highlight the role of family physicians in managing testicular cancer survivors.
Main Methods:
- Clinical history and physical examination for symptomatic men.
- Scrotal ultrasonography as the initial imaging study.
- Orchiectomy for diagnosis and treatment of solid intratesticular masses.
Main Results:
- Orchiectomy is both diagnostic and therapeutic for solid intratesticular masses.
- Staging involves chest radiography, chemistry panel, LFTs, and tumor markers.
- Treatment options include surveillance, chemotherapy, lymph node dissection, and radiation therapy.
Conclusions:
- Sperm banking should be discussed early for fertility preservation.
- Family physicians should monitor survivors for recurrence and long-term complications.
- Complications include secondary cancers, cardiovascular risk, and infertility.
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