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Francis F Ulmer1, Rana Sharara-Chami, Zavi Lakissian

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics (F.F.U.), Insel University Hospital Berne, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (R.S.C., Z.L.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics (M.S.), Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland; Sidra Medical and Research Center (E.S.), Doha, Qatar; and Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES) (P.D.), Center for Human Resources, Capital Region of Denmark, Herlev, Denmark.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

National culture significantly impacts healthcare simulation debriefings. Higher power distance index (PDI) countries see debriefers leading discussions and struggling with nontechnical skills, unlike low-PDI nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Education
  • Medical Simulation
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Healthcare culture influences education, safety, and patient outcomes.
  • Hofstede's cultural analysis quantifies national differences across dimensions like power distance (PD).
  • The Power Distance Index (PDI) reflects societal hierarchy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between national PDI and debriefer behavior in simulation debriefings.
  • To identify culture-relevant debriefing characteristics.
  • To hypothesize correlations between national PDI and these characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Defined low-PDI (≤50) and high-PDI (≥51) countries based on Hofstede's index.
  • Conducted interviews with simulation debriefers.
  • Investigated six debriefing characteristics: talking time, interaction patterns/style, initiative, content, and discussion of nontechnical skills.

Main Results:

  • In low-PDI countries, debriefers talked less, used open-ended questions, and focused on nontechnical skills.
  • Simulation participants initiated most interactions in low-PDI countries.
  • Debriefers in low-PDI countries found it easier to discuss nontechnical skills.

Conclusions:

  • National culture, specifically PDI, is demonstrably related to debriefing practices.
  • Higher PDI correlates with debriefer-dominated discussions and increased difficulty addressing nontechnical skills.
  • Findings support the hypotheses regarding PDI's influence on simulation debriefing dynamics.