Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026
08:45
Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
Published on: November 8, 2024
1.4K
Shift in Drug vs Alcohol Prevalence in Milwaukee County Motor Vehicle Decedents, 2010-2016
Kiran A Faryar1, Sara A Kohlbeck2, Sara J Schreiber3
1Injury Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, faryarka@ucmail.uc.edu.
Summary
In Milwaukee County, drug-impaired driving fatalities surpassed alcohol-impaired driving fatalities for the first time in 2016. This study highlights the increasing prevalence of non-alcohol drugs in motor vehicle crash (MVC) decedents.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Toxicology
- Public Health
- Traffic Safety
Background:
- Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) remain a significant public health concern.
- The role of alcohol and non-alcohol drugs in MVC fatalities requires ongoing investigation.
- Understanding substance prevalence in decedents is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of alcohol and non-alcohol drugs in motor vehicle crash (MVC) decedents in Milwaukee County.
- To analyze trends in substance use among MVC decedents from 2010 to 2016.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of MVC decedents in Milwaukee County (2010-2016).
- Toxicology analysis of blood samples for alcohol, cocaine, opioids, cannabinoids, amphetamines, and methamphetamines.
- Categorization of substances based on chemical composition and clinical effects.
Main Results:
- In 2016, drug-positive MVC decedents exceeded alcohol-positive decedents for the first time.
- Alcohol was the most prevalent substance (44%), followed by cannabinoids (29%) and opioids (14%).
- Opioid-positive MVC decedents significantly increased from 2010-2016, while alcohol-only positive decedents significantly decreased.
Conclusions:
- Drug-impaired driving has surpassed alcohol-impaired driving in MVC fatalities in Milwaukee County.
- Continued efforts to reduce alcohol-impaired driving are necessary.
- Increased focus on preventing drug-impaired driving is critical to reduce fatalities.
Related Concept Videos
01:08Prevalence and Incidence
1.9K
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
1.9K
02:37Oxidation of Alcohols
16.3K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
16.3K
02:29Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
13.0K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
13.0K
02:31Protection of Alcohols
8.1K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.1K
01:07Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift
3.5K
Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
3.5K
00:46Motor Units
62.0K
A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
62.0K