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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

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PLGA Spherical Nucleic Acids.

Shengshuang Zhu1, Hang Xing2, Pavlo Gordiichuk3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new polymer spherical nucleic acid (SNA) conjugates using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle cores. These novel PLGA-SNAs offer tunable drug release and activate immune responses, paving the way for advanced combination therapeutics.

Keywords:
drug deliveryimmunomodulationnanomedicinenucleic acid delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science
  • Bioconjugation

Background:

  • Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are promising nanostructures for biomedical applications.
  • Existing SNA platforms often utilize gold nanoparticles, limiting drug encapsulation and release tunability.
  • There is a need for versatile SNA platforms that can incorporate therapeutic payloads and offer controlled release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel class of polymer-based spherical nucleic acid (SNA) conjugates.
  • To investigate the drug encapsulation and release properties of these new poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-SNA constructs.
  • To evaluate the cellular uptake and biological activity of PLGA-SNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle cores.
  • Conjugation of nucleic acid shells to PLGA nanoparticle cores to form PLGA-SNAs.
  • Encapsulation of a hydrophobic model drug (coumarin 6) within the PLGA core.
  • Assessment of drug release kinetics as a function of polymer composition.
  • Evaluation of the stability and half-life of PLGA-SNAs in biological media (fetal bovine serum).
  • Cellular uptake studies using Raw-Blue cells.
  • Activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by PLGA-SNAs.

Main Results:

  • A new class of PLGA-SNA conjugates was successfully synthesized.
  • PLGA-SNAs demonstrated a half-life exceeding 2 hours in fetal bovine serum.
  • Hydrophobic drugs could be encapsulated and released in a tunable manner dependent on PLGA composition.
  • Nucleic acid shell dissociation remained constant irrespective of the core composition.
  • PLGA-SNAs exhibited efficient cellular uptake into Raw-Blue cells.
  • Sequence- and dose-dependent activation of Toll-like receptor 9 was observed.

Conclusions:

  • PLGA-SNAs represent a novel nanoconstruct with tunable drug release capabilities.
  • The platform allows for controlled release of encapsulated cargos within the SNA framework.
  • PLGA-SNAs can engage with cellular pathways, such as TLR9 activation.
  • This versatile nanoplatform holds potential for developing advanced combination therapeutics.