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Bone functional adaptation does not erase neutral evolutionary information.

Gina Agostini1, Brigitte M Holt2, John H Relethford3

  • 1Mayo Clinic/ASU Obesity Solutions, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|April 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diaphyseal (limb bone) and craniofacial variation reflect neutral genetic diversity in Europeans and South Africans. Physical activity (adaptive plasticity) does not erase these genetic patterns, suggesting limb bone variation can reveal neutral genetic information.

Keywords:
activitydiaphysisgeneticslong bonesplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Human Evolution
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Skeletal variation can reflect both genetic drift and environmental influences.
  • Understanding the interplay between neutral genetic variation and adaptive plasticity is crucial for population studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if diaphyseal (limb bone) and craniofacial variation similarly reflect neutral genetic variation in modern European and South African populations.
  • To assess the impact of adaptive plasticity on these patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Collected diaphyseal and craniofacial data from English, South European, and South African samples.
  • Applied the Relethford-Blangero model to compare population relationships derived from limb bones versus crania.
  • Investigated adaptive plasticity by examining limb bone robusticity (J) in individuals with varying occupations in Portugal and Italy.

Main Results:

  • Diaphyses exhibited greater variability than crania and were more robust in individuals with physically demanding occupations, indicating adaptive plasticity.
  • Despite plasticity, diaphyseal variation generated population relationships consistent with neutral genetic predictions.
  • Mantel tests revealed a strong correlation between diaphyseal and craniofacial distance matrices, largely unaffected by adaptive plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Among-population patterns of diaphyseal variation align with neutral genetic expectations and historical population data.
  • Adaptive plasticity from physical activity does not obscure these neutral genetic signatures in limb bone variation.
  • Diaphyseal variation is a potentially valuable tool for inferring neutral genetic information across populations.