Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...

Scalar Product (Dot Product)

Scalar Product (Dot Product)

The scalar multiplication of two vectors is known as the scalar or dot product. As the name indicates, the scalar product of two vectors results in a number, that is, a scalar quantity. Scalar products are used to define work and energy relations. For example, the work that a force (a vector) performs on an object while causing its displacement (a vector) is defined as a scalar product of the force vector with the displacement vector.
The scalar product of two vectors is obtained by multiplying...

Vector Product (Cross Product)

Vector Product (Cross Product)

Vector multiplication of two vectors yields a vector product, with the magnitude equal to the product of the individual vectors multiplied by the sine of the angle between both the vectors and the direction perpendicular to both the individual vectors. As there are always two directions perpendicular to a given plane, one on each side, the direction of the vector product is governed by the right-hand thumb rule.
Consider the cross product of two vectors. Imagine rotating the first vector about...

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

Production Efficiency

Production Efficiency

Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).

The Dot Product

The Dot Product

Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Iron and lipid dysregulation as key determinants of ferroptosis in cardiometabolic disease.

Progress in lipid research·2026

Same author

Protocol for high-throughput, automated, solid-phase extraction of sphingolipids from human urine.

STAR protocols·2026

Same author

Integrative Clinical-Molecular Modeling Identifies <i>LRRN4CL</i> as a Determinant of Structural and Functional Myocardial Improvement.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Excessive Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent ER-mitochondrial contact stabilization by EFHD1 drives liver injury.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Detergents without a drain: the evolutionary logic (and liability) of sphingolipids.

Journal of lipid research·2026

Same author

Lipidomic Analysis of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles from Adiponectin Deficient Mice or Metabolic Syndrome Patients Reveals Pro-Oxidative and Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Signatures Correlating with Metabolic Dysfunction.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026

Same journal

Mitochondria produce lactate to vent redox pressure.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026

Same journal

Beyond fat storage: neuronal lipid droplets regulate whole-body metabolism.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026

Same journal

HDL resuscitates cells from ferroptosis.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026

Same journal

2-Methylbutyrylcarnitine (2MBC).

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026

Same journal

Decoding growth hormone actions on human growth plate stem cells.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026

Same journal

Androgen loss backfires: Brain gate for tumor immunity.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

Published on: September 7, 2016

Does This Schlank Make Me Look Fat?

Bhagirath Chaurasia¹, William L Holland¹, Scott A Summers¹

¹Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM

|April 25, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Some enzymes in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway surprisingly act as transcriptional regulators. This discovery reveals a novel layer of gene expression control in cellular lipid metabolism.

More Related Videos

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

Published on: July 15, 2016

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

Published on: July 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

Published on: September 7, 2016

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

Published on: July 15, 2016

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Sphingolipids are essential components of cell membranes.
The de novo synthesis pathway is crucial for producing these lipids.
Gene expression is primarily regulated by transcription factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the non-canonical functions of enzymes involved in de novo sphingolipid synthesis.
To explore the potential of these enzymes as regulators of gene expression.

Main Methods:

Bioinformatic analysis of enzyme sequences and known regulatory domains.
In vitro assays to test enzymatic activity and DNA binding.
Cellular studies to assess the impact on target gene expression.

Main Results:

Identified specific enzymes in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway possessing DNA-binding motifs.
Demonstrated that these enzymes can bind to promoter regions of target genes.
Showed that enzyme activity correlates with changes in the expression of specific genes.

Conclusions:

Enzymes in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway exhibit dual functionality.
These enzymes can directly regulate gene transcription, impacting cellular processes.
This finding opens new avenues for understanding lipid metabolism and gene regulation.