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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

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The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
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Diode: Reverse bias01:14

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A diode is reverse-biased when the positive terminal of an external voltage source is connected to the n-type material and the negative terminal to the p-type material. This configuration opposes the natural direction of current flow through the diode, effectively increasing the width of the depletion region and the barrier potential. The reverse bias condition produces a minimal leakage current, primarily due to minority charge carriers. This leakage becomes significant when the reverse...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Megakaryocyte Culture in 3D Methylcellulose-Based Hydrogel to Improve Cell Maturation and Study the Impact of Stiffness and Confinement
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Methylcellulose Based Thermally Reversible Hydrogels.

Anoosha Forghani1, Ram Devireddy2

  • 1Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a simpler method to create adult stem cell (ASC) sheets using methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels. This technique preserves cell structures and offers noninvasive retrieval of cell sheets for potential regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:
Adult stem cellsCell sheet engineeringTemperature-responsive polymersTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Adult stem cells (ASCs) are crucial for tissue regeneration.
  • Current methods for retrieving ASC sheets can be invasive or complex.
  • Preserving cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions is vital for functional cell sheets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified, noninvasive method for generating single and multilayered ASC sheets.
  • To optimize methylcellulose (MC) hydrogel formulations for ASC adhesion, proliferation, and sheet formation.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of MC-coated dishes as a superior alternative to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing thermally reversible methylcellulose (MC) coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dishes.
  • Determining the optimal MC-water-salt concentration (12-14% MC, 0.5× PBS) for gel formation around 32 °C.
  • Coating MC surfaces with rat tail type-I collagen at 37 °C to enhance ASC adhesion and proliferation.
  • Culturing ASCs to confluence to form a monolayer sheet on the MC hydrogel.

Main Results:

  • An optimal MC hydrogel system was established with a gel formation temperature of ~32 °C.
  • Collagen coating significantly improved ASC adhesion and proliferation on the MC surface.
  • Confluent ASCs formed continuous monolayer sheets on the MC hydrogel.
  • Cell sheets spontaneously detached from the MC surface upon exposure to room temperature (~30 °C).

Conclusions:

  • Thermally reversible methylcellulose hydrogels provide an effective and simplified platform for generating intact ASC sheets.
  • This method preserves crucial cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
  • The noninvasive retrieval of ASC sheets offers a promising advancement for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.