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This summary is machine-generated.

We studied a 1D fermion model undergoing a phase transition. Driving the system revealed power-law correlations in the gapless phase and a pseudothermal state in the gapped phase, with quantum defects appearing at the critical point.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum many-body systems
  • Driven quantum systems

Background:

  • The study focuses on a one-dimensional spinless fermion model exhibiting a transition between Luttinger liquid (LL) and charge density wave (CDW) phases.
  • This transition is tunable by the ratio of interaction strength (U) to hopping (J).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the 1D fermion model under a spatially uniform, time-ramped drive.
  • To analyze the system's behavior in the long-time limit, considering finite heating effects.
  • To explore the emergence of quantum defects via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in driven systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach adapted for infinite system sizes.
  • Analyzing the system's response to a finite-time ramped drive that eventually becomes time-periodic.
  • Examining both gapless (LL) and gapped (CDW) phases under different drive regimes (Magnus and low-frequency limits).

Main Results:

  • In the gapless LL phase, the driven system exhibits power-law correlations regardless of the ramp speed.
  • In the gapped CDW phase, a pseudothermal state emerges with an effective temperature dependent on the ramp rate.
  • Quantum defects (instantons) are observed when the drive crosses the quantum critical point, demonstrating the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into the non-equilibrium behavior of a quantum critical system under periodic driving.
  • The findings highlight the distinct responses of gapless and gapped phases to external drives.
  • The observation of quantum defects confirms the applicability of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in driven quantum systems.