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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
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Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

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Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
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First Law of Thermodynamics00:37

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The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. This can be demonstrated within a classic food web where light energy from the sun is harnessed as radiant energy by plants, converted into chemical energy, and stored as complex carbohydrates. The vegetation is then consumed by animals and during the digestion process, the sugars release energy as heat. The sugars also produce chemical energy that either gets used up doing work, stored in...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Strong Coupling Corrections in Quantum Thermodynamics.

M Perarnau-Llobet1,2, H Wilming3, A Riera1,2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|April 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongly coupled quantum systems deviate from weak-coupling behavior, affecting thermodynamics. This study introduces corrections to the second law and bounds heat engine power under strong coupling, relevant for small quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Quantum systems coupled to thermal baths typically reach a global thermal state, differing from local thermal states seen in weak coupling.
  • Understanding these deviations is crucial for analyzing the thermodynamic behavior of small quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermodynamics of quantum systems strongly coupled to thermal baths.
  • To derive strong-coupling corrections to the second law of thermodynamics.
  • To establish bounds on the power enhancement of heat engines due to strong coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of quantum systems in contact with thermal baths.
  • Derivation of corrections to thermodynamic laws based on strong coupling.
  • Application of methods to non-Markovian quantum Brownian motion.

Main Results:

  • Strong-coupling corrections to the second law of thermodynamics are derived for maximal extractable work, heat dissipation, and Carnot efficiency.
  • These corrections are significant for small quantum systems and diminish in the first order of interaction strength.
  • A bound on the power enhancement of heat engines resulting from strong coupling is established.

Conclusions:

  • Strong coupling significantly alters the thermodynamic behavior of quantum systems compared to weak coupling.
  • The derived corrections provide a more accurate description of thermodynamics for small, strongly coupled quantum systems.
  • The findings offer insights into optimizing heat engine performance in the strong-coupling regime.