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Updated: Feb 11, 2026
A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
Published on: April 21, 2023
Association of Pro-apoptotic Bad Gene Expression Changes with Benign Thyroid Nodules
Nurdan Gül1, Berna Temel2, Duran Ustek3
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey nurdan.gul@instanbul.edu.tr.
Background/Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the role of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in benign thyroid nodules.
Materials And Methods:
Paired samples of nodular and normal tissues were collected from 26 patients with nodular goiters undergoing thyroidectomy. Variable expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Bad genes were evaluated by quantitative PCR.
Results:
Expression level of Bad gene in nodules was found to be significantly decreased compared to normal tissues (p=0.049). A positive correlation was observed between nodule size and Bad expression levels (correlation coefficient=0.563, p=0.004); and this correlation was stronger in hot nodules (n=18, correlation coefficient=0.689, p=0.003). No significant difference was observed between nodular and normal tissue expressions of Bax and Bcl-2.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that Bad expression correlates with the size of benign thyroid nodules and also its relatively lower expression in nodules, warrant further investigation.
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