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Idleness versus busyness.

Adelle X Yang1, Christopher K Hsee2

  • 1Department of Marketing, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Dr, 119245 Singapore, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Psychology
|April 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

People

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Time perception is subjective and influenced by how individuals spend their time.
  • Idleness and busyness significantly impact psychological states and temporal experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize research on the psychological effects of time consumption, focusing on idleness and busyness.
  • To explore the underlying motivations for human activities, particularly the pursuit of meaning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis of psychological research on time perception and activity engagement.
  • Theoretical exploration of the relationship between goals, activities, and the pursuit of meaning.

Main Results:

  • The way time is used affects how it is perceived and the resulting psychological outcomes.

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  • Human activities may be driven by a desire to avoid unproductive time and find meaning, rather than solely by goal pursuit.

    • Conclusions:

    • Perceptions of time and psychological well-being are closely linked to the subjective experience of busyness or idleness.
    • A reverse causality is proposed: individuals engage in activities to pursue goals, suggesting goals serve the purpose of facilitating meaningful activity.