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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
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The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...
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Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

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Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
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Solid-Phase Immobilization of a New Epoxidation Catalyst.

Simon Krijnen1, Hendrikus C L Abbenhuis1, Rob W J M Hanssen1

  • 1Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands), Fax: Int. code+(31) 40 24 55 05 4.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created recyclable catalysts for alkene epoxidation by embedding titanium complexes into MCM-41 molecular sieves. These self-assembled materials offer a greener approach to chemical synthesis.

Keywords:
EpoxidationsHeterogeneous catalysisImmobilizationTitaniumZeolites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Alkene epoxidation is a crucial industrial process.
  • Heterogeneous catalysts offer advantages over homogeneous catalysts, including ease of separation and recyclability.
  • Titanium-based catalysts are effective for epoxidation reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for liquid-phase alkene epoxidation.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of titanium(IV) silsesquioxane complexes within a tailored MCM-41 molecular sieve.

Main Methods:

  • Heterogenization of titanium(IV) silsesquioxane complex within MCM-41.
  • Tailoring the polarity of the MCM-41 molecular sieve.
  • Characterization of the self-assembled materials.
  • Testing catalytic activity in liquid-phase alkene epoxidation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized self-assembled materials with active titanium sites immobilized in MCM-41.
  • The tailored MCM-41 facilitated the heterogenization and self-assembly process.
  • The resulting catalysts demonstrated high activity and selectivity for alkene epoxidation.
  • The catalysts were found to be truly heterogeneous and recyclable over multiple reaction cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The heterogenization of titanium(IV) silsesquioxane in tailored MCM-41 provides an effective strategy for creating recyclable heterogeneous catalysts.
  • This approach offers a sustainable alternative for liquid-phase alkene epoxidation, minimizing waste and catalyst loss.