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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

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Published on: July 3, 2025

Rippling of graphitic surfaces: a comparison between few-layer graphene and HOPG.

N Haghighian¹, D Convertino², V Miseikis²

¹OptMatLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|May 3, 2018

Summary

Few-layer graphene (FLG) ripples change periodicity upon interaction with bio-organic molecules. This rippling is proposed to be a surface energy minimization effect, not solely due to molecular assembly.

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Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Few-Layer Graphene (FLG) epitaxially grown on SiC exhibits surface ripples.
The origin of these ripples is debated in scientific literature.
Understanding graphene surface morphology is crucial for its applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the surface structure of FLG on SiC under varying conditions.
To understand the influence of bio-organic molecules on graphene rippling.
To propose a mechanism for graphene rippling.

Main Methods:

Transmission Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (TM-AFM) in ambient air and aqueous solutions.
Interaction studies with l-methionine and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for structural analysis.

Main Results:

FLG on SiC shows ordered ripples with small periodicity (SP) (4.7 nm) in air.
Interaction with molecular solutions increases ripple periodicity to large periodicity (LP) (6.2 nm) and height.
Sonication exfoliates graphene, removing ripples; HOPG shows LP ripples upon molecular interaction.

Conclusions:

Graphene rippling is influenced by molecular interactions and environmental conditions.
The observed rippling is likely a manifestation of free-energy minimization in quasi-2D layers.
Factors like stacking, molecular interactions, and AFM tip effects contribute to rippling.