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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

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[Autoimmune hepatitis-standard and second-line therapy].

R Taubert1, E Jaeckel2

  • 1Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. taubert.richard@mh-hannover.de.

Der Internist
|May 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rising liver disease requiring lifelong treatment. Standard therapies improve survival, but new treatments are needed due to high relapse rates.

Keywords:
AzathioprineBudesonideMycophenolate mofetilPrednisoloneTacrolimus

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare, progressive liver inflammation with increasing incidence.
  • Untreated AIH can lead to severe liver damage and detrimental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the current understanding of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) etiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • To review national and international guidelines and recent research in AIH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current national and international guidelines.
  • Analysis of recently published studies on AIH diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • AIH diagnosis relies on autoantibodies, histology, and exclusion of other liver diseases.
  • Standard treatment with prednisolone ± azathioprine improves survival; budesonide is an option for non-cirrhotic patients.
  • About 80% achieve remission, but most require lifelong therapy due to high relapse rates; second-line therapies lack robust evidence and regulatory approval.

Conclusions:

  • Standard immunosuppressive therapy is effective but often requires lifelong administration.
  • There is a need for evidence-based, approved second-line therapies for AIH.
  • Further research and international expert recommendations are crucial for optimizing AIH management.