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Typical pharmaceuticals in major WWTPs in Beijing, China: Occurrence, load pattern and calculation reliability
Yizhe Zhang1, Bin Wang1, Giovanni Cagnetta2
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
Water Research
|May 7, 2018
Summary
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are emerging micropollutants. This study optimized sampling methods in Beijing wastewater treatment plants to accurately monitor PhACs and assess removal efficiencies.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Environmental Chemistry
- Environmental Engineering
Background:
- Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are significant emerging micropollutants.
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are primary pathways for PhACs entering the environment.
- Effective management of PhACs in WWTPs is crucial for environmental protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To implement an optimized sampling methodology for monitoring PhACs in wastewater.
- To investigate the bihourly variation of 37 pharmaceuticals, including 23 antibiotics, in Beijing's WWTPs.
- To accurately determine pharmaceutical load patterns and compare WWTP process performances.
Main Methods:
- Development and implementation of an optimized sampling strategy for micropollutant analysis.
- Bihourly monitoring of 37 pharmaceuticals (23 antibiotics) across eight major WWTPs in Beijing.
- Synchronous measurement of pharmaceutical concentrations and wastewater flow rates.
Main Results:
- An optimized sampling methodology successfully reduced uncertainties associated with conventional methods.
- Accurate pharmaceutical load patterns were determined, revealing variations in contaminant levels.
- Comparative analysis of WWTP treatment processes and optimized removal efficiency calculations were achieved.
Conclusions:
- Optimized sampling is essential for accurate PhACs monitoring in wastewater.
- Understanding pharmaceutical loads aids in assessing and improving WWTP performance.
- This study provides a robust framework for managing PhACs to mitigate environmental release.
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