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Passive Filters

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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Related Experiment Video

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Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

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Published on: August 3, 2016

An Ultra-Low-Power RFID/NFC Frontend IC Using 0.18 μm CMOS Technology for Passive Tag Applications.

Mayukh Bhattacharyya¹, Waldemar Gruenwald², Dirk Jansen³

¹Institute for Applied Research, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, 77652 Offenburg, Germany. mayukh.bhattacharyya@hs-offenburg.de.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 9, 2018

Summary

This study introduces a new Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Near Field Communication (NFC) integrated circuit for battery-less passive sensor tags. The novel design enables low-power, cost-effective wireless sensing for various applications.

Keywords:

NFC (near field communication)RFID (radio frequency identification)comparator demodulation passive tag

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Microelectronics and Integrated Circuit Design
Wireless Sensor Networks

Background:

Battery-less passive sensor tags utilizing RFID/NFC technology are increasingly popular for inventory control and biotelemetry.
Existing passive tags often face limitations in power consumption and cost, hindering broader adoption.
There is a need for efficient frontend integrated circuits (ICs) to enable advanced functionalities in passive tags.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel RFID/NFC frontend IC for 13.56 MHz passive tag applications.
To detail the analog design, including a novel demodulator, and digital interface of the IC.
To demonstrate the feasibility of a complete passive sensor tag system using the developed IC.

Main Methods:

Designed a frontend IC compatible with ISO 15693/NFC standards using 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Implemented a novel demodulator circuit featuring a comparator with preset offset voltage for 10% Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) signal demodulation.
Utilized sub-threshold operation and low-supply voltage techniques to minimize power consumption, with bandgap reference circuit load for envelope detection.

Main Results:

The fabricated IC achieved a total power consumption of 107 μW at 1.2 V supply, with the analog section consuming only 36 μW.
The IC occupies a die area of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, demonstrating a compact and efficient design.
A functional passive sensor tag was developed, successfully reading temperature and pressure sensor data via an NFC device and Android application.

Conclusions:

The developed RFID/NFC frontend IC enables full passive operational capability for sensor tags.
The low power consumption and compact design make the IC suitable for low-cost industrial and biomedical battery-less sensor applications.
A proposed figure-of-merit (FOM) provides a benchmark for comparing this work with state-of-the-art passive tag ICs.