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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding Riverine Nitrogen Impacts and Primary Productivity for Effective Nutrient Management
Published on: July 14, 2023
[Effects of different cultivation patterns on yield, nitrate accumulation and nitrogen balance in winter wheat and
Xiao Qia Yang1, Hui Ling Mi1, Han Yu Gao1
1College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
Abstract:
This study investigated the impacts of four cultivation patterns including farmer practice, high yield and high efficiency practice, super high yield practice, and super high yield and high efficiency practice on yields, soil nitrate and nitrogen (N) balances in 3 winter wheat-summer maize rotations with straw returning in Hebei Province. Results showed that the super high yield practice was identified with greatest winter wheat and summer maize yields, followed by high yield and high efficiency practice, and super high yield and high efficiency practice, which were all greater than that of farmer practice. The N use efficiency of high yield and high efficiency practice was significantly greater than the other cultivation patterns. The total nitrate accumulation in 0-400 cm soil of these cultivation patterns reached 768.4-1133.3 kg·hm-2, where 80%-85% of the accumulated nitrate were in 90-400 cm soil. Meanwhile, the nitrate leaching was observed in all cultivation patterns and nitrate accumulation peaks at 120-150 cm and 270-330 cm were found. Soil nitrate content of high yield and high efficiency practice was less than 30 mg·kg-1 and generally lower than other cultivation patterns, which to some extent reduced the environmental risk. In addition, nitrate surplus in 0-90 cm soil during winter wheat season was lower than that during summer maize season, and the high yield and high efficiency practice had the lowest apparent nitrogen loss. Overall, the high yield and high efficiency practice was evaluated to be the best cultivation pattern in consi-deration of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrate accumulation in soil, but there was still certain achievable improvement potential.
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