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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
Published on: March 20, 2020
Are There Any Clinically Relevant Subgroups of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in 2018?
Jack J Chan1, Tira J Y Tan1, Rebecca A Dent1
1National Cancer Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.
Abstract:
The working immunohistochemical definition of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is admittedly reductionist and has only limited usefulness for informing oncologists about therapeutic decisions beyond chemotherapy. Early molecular taxonomies of TNBC based heavily on gene expression profiling, which is not readily available in the clinic today, do not necessarily encompass other molecular targets already incorporated into rationally designed clinical trials. We state that it is possible to delineate five subgroups of TNBC relevant to present-day clinical practice and cover the evidence that lends credence to emerging biomarker-directed treatment strategies for each subgroup.
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