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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

1.0K
The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Wheatstone Bridge01:29

Wheatstone Bridge

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An ohmmeter is a resistance-measuring device. It works by applying a voltage to a resistor of unknown resistance and measuring the current across the resistor. The resistance value is deduced using Ohm's law. Usually, the standard configuration of an ohmmeter comprises a voltmeter or an ammeter. However, such configurations are limited in accuracy because the meters alter the voltage applied to the resistor and the current that flows through it.
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Bridge rectifier01:24

Bridge rectifier

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The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

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Plague: Bridging gaps towards better disease control.

E D'Ortenzio1, N Lemaître2, C Brouat3

  • 1REACTing, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France; Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France; IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, 75018 Paris, France.

Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Plague dynamics in wildlife reservoirs remain poorly understood, hindering effective control. A One Health approach is crucial for managing this poverty-related disease, especially in endemic regions.

Keywords:
Emerging diseaseMaladie émergentePestePlagueYersinia pestisZoonoseZoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic disease epidemiology
  • Infectious disease dynamics
  • One Health initiatives

Background:

  • Despite centuries of plague epidemics and over 100 years since identifying the bacterium, knowledge gaps persist regarding plague dynamics in animal reservoirs and vectors.
  • Human vulnerability to plague is not fully understood, with recent outbreaks like the 2017 Madagascar epidemic highlighting these deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify critical knowledge gaps in plague disease dynamics, influencing factors, diagnostic test performance, and optimal treatments.
  • To emphasize the need for enhanced tools and understanding for plague control in endemic countries.
  • To advocate for a One Health approach to manage plague as an eradicable disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plague epidemiology and control strategies.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to plague outbreaks and human vulnerability.
  • Assessment of current diagnostic and treatment protocols for plague.

Main Results:

  • Significant gaps exist in understanding plague's complex ecological and transmission dynamics.
  • Current diagnostic tools and treatment regimens may not be optimal for diverse clinical and epidemiological settings.
  • The widespread presence of plague in wildlife precludes eradication, necessitating integrated control strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective plague control requires a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics across animal, human, and environmental interfaces.
  • A One Health strategy integrating human, animal, and environmental health is essential for managing plague in endemic areas.
  • Further research and development of improved tools are imperative for better plague management and reducing its impact on vulnerable populations.