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Bound-Electron Nonlinearity Beyond the Ionization Threshold.

J K Wahlstrand1,2, S Zahedpour1, A Bahl3

  • 1Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrafast laser measurements reveal that bound-electron nonlinear polarizability in gases remains quadratic even at high intensities, challenging existing theories. This finding offers new insights into electron behavior under extreme light conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Ultrafast Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Nonlinear polarizability describes how materials respond to intense light.
  • Understanding this response is crucial for high-intensity laser-matter interactions.
  • Current theories often assume perturbative behavior at lower intensities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure nonlinear polarizability in various gases under intense ultrafast laser fields.
  • To investigate the behavior of bound-electron nonlinear polarizability beyond the ionization threshold.
  • To compare experimental results with predictions from perturbation theory.

Main Methods:

  • Absolute space- and time-resolved measurements.
  • Utilized ultrafast laser systems.
  • Investigated argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, and oxygen gases.
  • Examined ionization fractions up to a few percent.

Main Results:

  • Determined nonlinear polarizability in multiple atomic and molecular gases.
  • Observed that bound-electron nonlinear polarizability remains approximately quadratic with the laser field intensity.
  • This quadratic behavior persisted well beyond the ionization threshold.
  • Results deviate from expectations based on perturbation theory at high intensities.

Conclusions:

  • The nonlinear polarizability of bound electrons in these gases exhibits unexpected quadratic behavior at high laser intensities.
  • This suggests that nonperturbative effects do not drastically alter the fundamental quadratic relationship in the studied regime.
  • Findings challenge the applicability of perturbative models in certain nonperturbative regimes of laser-matter interactions.