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Updated: Feb 10, 2026
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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Published on: October 27, 2018
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Observing HNO3 release dependent upon metal complexes in malonic acid/nitrate droplets
Xu Shao1, Feng-Min Wu2, Hui Yang2
1The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology. Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Beijing General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, People's Republic of China.
Summary
Malonic acid reacts with nitrate salts in atmospheric aerosols, forming malonate salts and releasing nitric acid. Magnesium nitrate particles showed the highest reactivity, while sodium nitrate showed the least.
Area of Science:
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Aerosol Science
- Physical Chemistry
Background:
- Dicarboxylic acids react with nitrate in aged, internally mixed atmospheric aerosols.
- Quantitative nitrate depletion based on particle composition is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate chemical composition changes in malonic acid/nitrate particles.
- Determine nitrate depletion and reactivity with different metal nitrates.
Main Methods:
- Vacuum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used.
- Studied malonic acid/sodium nitrate (MA/SN), malonic acid/magnesium nitrate (MA/MN), and malonic acid/calcium nitrate (MA/CN) particles.
- Organic to inorganic molar ratio (OIR) was maintained at 1:1.
Main Results:
- Dehydration led to malonate salt formation and nitric acid release, indicated by FTIR band changes.
- Nitrate depletion varied: MA/MN showed highest reactivity, MA/SN showed lowest.
- Analysis revealed different metal cation-carboxylate anion bond types.
- Water content decreased during the reaction, and water uptake was delayed below 37% RH.
Conclusions:
- Malonic acid's reactivity with nitrate salts depends on the metal cation.
- The reaction influences particle composition and water content.
- Water mass transport is limited at low relative humidity.
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