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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
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Regenerative endodontics: a comprehensive review.

S G Kim1, M Malek2, A Sigurdsson2

  • 1Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

International Endodontic Journal
|May 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regenerative endodontics uses stem cells for immature teeth with pulp necrosis, aiming for symptom resolution and root maturation. True pulp regeneration remains a future goal, with current repair originating from surrounding tissues.

Keywords:
current perspectivesfuture prospectivesimmature permanent teethregenerative endodonticstreatment outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly evolving field, with increasing literature since initial reports in the early 2000s.
  • Professional organizations have released statements guiding its clinical application.
  • This approach is considered a paradigm shift and a primary treatment for immature teeth with pulp necrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge and future directions in regenerative endodontics.
  • To discuss the application of stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules for pulp regeneration.
  • To highlight patient-centered outcomes and considerations for treatment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing endogenous stem cells from induced periapical bleeding.
  • Employing scaffolds such as blood clot, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).
  • Reviewing existing literature and clinical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Treatment outcomes include resolution of symptoms, further root maturation, and return of neurogenesis, though results are variable.
  • Histological evidence shows repair primarily from periodontal and osseous tissues, not true pulp regeneration.
  • Tissue engineering concepts hold promise for achieving true pulp regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Regenerative endodontics is a promising treatment for immature teeth with incomplete root formation.
  • Patient-centered outcomes, including tooth discoloration and appointment frequency, require discussion.
  • Further research is needed to understand the clinical and biological aspects of regenerative endodontics.