Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
The Retina01:32

The Retina

76.8K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
76.8K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.6K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
32.6K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.2K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
5.2K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.1K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

4.5K
A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From repair to relay: Human retinal organoids re-couple a severed optic nerve.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same author

A rare missense variant impacting NEK1 kinase function is associated with ALS.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026
Same author

Deep-sequencing-guided library screening and profiling of AAV capsids in the primate retina.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

[Autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related disease].

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Obexelimab for the Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Tonic and early interferons defend against respiratory viruses in primary human lung organoid-derived air-liquid interface cultures.

Journal of virology·2026
Same journal

Silicone oil in protein drug products and its implications for formulation stability.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same journal

Targeted delivery of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) and molecular glue degraders (MGD).

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same journal

Lysosome-targeting degrader delivery system: from formulation design to biomedical applications.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same journal

Anti-PEG antibodies in nanomedicine: Mechanisms, risks, and opportunities.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same journal

Optimizing macrophage-targeted intracellular delivery systems for safe and effective immunotherapies.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same journal

Light-controlled CRISPR-dCas9 epigenome editing: advanced drug-delivery strategies and oncology applications.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Simple and Efficient Neural Retina Organoid Production for Disease Modeling
05:03

Author Spotlight: Simple and Efficient Neural Retina Organoid Production for Disease Modeling

Published on: December 22, 2023

2.0K

Stem cell-based retina models.

Kevin Achberger1, Jasmin C Haderspeck1, Alexander Kleger2

  • 1Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Oesterbergstr. 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|May 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell research, particularly using retinal organoids, offers advanced models for studying eye development and function. These three-dimensional (3D) structures mimic the human retina, aiding future therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Disease modelingDrug testingHuman iPSCMechanistic studiesOptic cupOptic vesiclesRetinal in vitro modelsRetinal organoidsTranslation

More Related Videos

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
22:06

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: February 25, 2007

14.0K
Using the BLT Humanized Mouse as a Stem Cell based Gene Therapy Tumor Model
06:59

Using the BLT Humanized Mouse as a Stem Cell based Gene Therapy Tumor Model

Published on: December 18, 2012

19.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Simple and Efficient Neural Retina Organoid Production for Disease Modeling
05:03

Author Spotlight: Simple and Efficient Neural Retina Organoid Production for Disease Modeling

Published on: December 22, 2023

2.0K
Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
22:06

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: February 25, 2007

14.0K
Using the BLT Humanized Mouse as a Stem Cell based Gene Therapy Tumor Model
06:59

Using the BLT Humanized Mouse as a Stem Cell based Gene Therapy Tumor Model

Published on: December 18, 2012

19.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The retina has been a key focus in cell biology, with extensive research using various models.
  • Stem cell-based models, especially pluripotent stem cell models, are increasingly important for human retinal research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare different stem cell-based models of the retina.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) retinal models.
  • To explore current and future applications of these models in ophthalmology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stem cell-based retinal models.
  • Comparison of 2D cultures, co-cultures, and 3D retinal organoids.
  • Analysis of in vivo morphology and cell subtype representation.

Main Results:

  • Retinal organoids, a type of 3D structure, have largely replaced 2D cultures for studying retinal development and function.
  • These organoids contain all major retinal cell subtypes and exhibit distinct layering similar to the in vivo situation.
  • Both 2D and 3D models present unique advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-based retinal organoids provide a powerful in vitro system for understanding retinal biology.
  • These models hold significant promise for advancing treatments and research in ophthalmology.
  • Further research into the applications of these models is warranted.