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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
Published on: January 17, 2025
Prostaglandin E2 attenuates synergistic bactericidal effects between COX inhibitors and antibiotics on Staphylococcus
Jia-Yi Cai1, Yong-Na Hou1, Jian Li1
1China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Abstract:
PGE2 is found to attenuate the bactericidal effects of kanamycin or ampicillin in Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Co-treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (celecoxib, aspirin or naproxen) synergistically enhances kanamycin or ampicillin-induced cell death of S. aureus and MRSA. COX inhibitors repressed bacterial multidrug resistance through down-regulating efflux pump activity in antibiotics-treated S. aureus and MRSA. However, this synergistic bactericidal effects are reduced by the treatment with PGE2. PGE2 restores the efflux pump activity as well as increases biofilm formation in S. aureus and MRSA. Collectively, the enhancement of efflux pump activity and biofilm formation with PGE2 might partially explain the resistance to synergistic bactericidal effects between COX inhibitors and antibiotics in PGE2-treated S. aureus.
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