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Functional brain imaging.

R M Kessler

    Recent Developments in Alcoholism : an Official Publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Advanced brain imaging techniques like positron and single photon tomography enable regional examination of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. These methods are sensitive to neurophysiological stimuli and neurological diseases, offering insights into brain function.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Medical Imaging
    • Radiochemistry

    Background:

    • Recent advancements in brain imaging facilitate regional examination of brain function.
    • Multiple-probe inert gas studies, positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are key modalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the capabilities and applications of various functional brain imaging modalities.
    • To highlight the utility of inert gas blood flow methods, PET, and SPECT in studying brain function and disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Inert gas blood flow methods (e.g., 133xenon) for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement.
    • Positron emission tomography (PET) using positron-emitting isotopes for metabolic and receptor binding studies.
    • Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using gamma-emitting isotopes for rCBF and receptor imaging.

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    Main Results:

    • Inert gas methods with multiple probes can assess rCBF in specific cortical regions, demonstrating sensitivity to stimuli and neurological conditions like dementia and aphasia.
    • PET offers quantitative 3D imaging of metabolism and receptor binding with high resolution, applied in studies of dementia, schizophrenia, and affective disorders.
    • SPECT provides 3D imaging of rCBF and receptor function at a lower cost than PET, with resolutions comparable to PET.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional brain imaging modalities like PET and SPECT offer valuable tools for regional brain function analysis.
    • PET provides superior resolution and study variety but at a high cost, while SPECT offers a cost-effective alternative.
    • Future developments may include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for blood flow and phosphorus metabolism studies.