Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

128.4K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
128.4K
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

25.9K
A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.9K
Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.7K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.7K
Concentration and Rate Law03:03

Concentration and Rate Law

40.0K
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
40.0K
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

134.8K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
134.8K
Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

14.1K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
14.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Directional Drying in Bilayer Porous Films: Funnel vs Ink-Bottle Geometries.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Multiscale Formulation for Assessment of Electroosmotic Flow in Paper-Based Microfluidics.

Electrophoresis·2025
Same author

Novel IgM-based lateral flow assay for diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease.

Infectious diseases (London, England)·2025
Same author

Equipmentless point-of-care testing of dengue antibodies using ELISA and smartphones.

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis·2025
Same author

Paper-based isotachophoretic preconcentration technique for low-cost determination of glyphosate.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2024
Same author

Polymeric liquids in mesoporous photonic structures: From precursor film spreading to imbibition dynamics at the nanoscale.

The Journal of chemical physics·2024
Same journal

Impurity profiling of lipid-conjugated oligonucleotides using reversed-phase with and without ion-pair reagents and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Preparation of magnetic zwitterionic covalent organic frameworks for rapid simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organophosphates from environmental waters coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS determination.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Analysis of organic and inorganic acids in biomass pyrolysis process samples by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Separation and enrichment of phages at the interface between two phases in a green solvent-based sugaring-out extraction system.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Advances and perspectives in Oligo(dT) Affinity chromatography for mRNA capture: Resins, ligands and process intensification.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Ion chromatography: Current strengths, key limitations, and future trends.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
10:42

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Published on: June 17, 2022

3.5K

Design keys for paper-based concentration gradient generators.

Federico Schaumburg1, Raúl Urteaga2, Pablo A Kler3

  • 1Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), Colectora RN 168 Km 472, S3000GLN Santa Fe, Argentina.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|May 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes microfluidic paper-based concentration gradient generators (μPGGs) using simulations and experiments. Novel designs improve transverse dispersion for controlled chemical gradients on paper analytical devices.

Keywords:
Mechanical dispersionPaper based gradient generatorsPaper based microfluidicsSolute transport

More Related Videos

Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes
05:26

Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes

Published on: April 29, 2020

6.7K
A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology
11:05

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

Published on: August 30, 2007

15.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
10:42

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Published on: June 17, 2022

3.5K
Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes
05:26

Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes

Published on: April 29, 2020

6.7K
A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology
11:05

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

Published on: August 30, 2007

15.9K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Concentration gradients are crucial for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs).
  • Gradient formation relies on transverse dispersion, differing significantly between paper and conventional microchannels.
  • Paper-based gradient generator design needs unique strategies due to mechanical dispersion dominance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optimal design of microfluidic paper-based concentration gradient generators (μPGGs).
  • To explore the operational ranges and performance of novel μPGG designs through computer simulations.
  • To establish design principles for efficient μPGGs on paper substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computer simulations to analyze transverse dispersion in porous paper substrates.
  • Designed and virtually tested novel microfluidic paper-based concentration gradient generators (μPGGs).
  • Fabricated and experimentally validated physical prototypes of the designed μPGGs.

Main Results:

  • Developed novel, versatile μPGG designs through numerical prototyping and virtual experiments.
  • Demonstrated improved efficiency in mixing, dilution, and gradient generation compared to existing methods.
  • Identified key parameters influencing transverse dispersion for optimized μPGG performance.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed basic design rules for optimizing microfluidic paper-based concentration gradient generators (μPGGs).
  • Highlighted the importance of understanding mechanical dispersion in paper-based devices.
  • Results enable highly controlled concentration fields for advanced paper analytical devices.