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Related Concept Videos

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

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DNA Modifications: Naturally More Error Prone?

Marketa Tomkova1, Benjamin Schuster-Böckler1

  • 1Ludwig Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|June 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic DNA modifications, like methylcytosine, impact DNA mutation rates. These epigenetic marks interact with mutagens and cellular processes, influencing tissue-specific mutation patterns.

Keywords:
5-hydroxymethylcytosine5-methylcytosineCpG dinucleotidesDNA modificationsmutagenesis

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DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic DNA modifications are crucial for cellular functions in vertebrates.
  • Methylcytosine is known for its instability and deamination to thymine, acting as a mutagenesis hotspot.
  • The broader influence of epigenetic marks on mutagenesis is an emerging research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on how DNA modifications interact with mutagenic processes.
  • To explore the impact of external mutagens and cell-intrinsic factors on modified DNA.
  • To understand the role of epigenetics in tissue-specific mutation accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on DNA modifications and mutagenesis.
  • Analysis of interactions between external mutagens (UV, carcinogens) and modified cytosines.
  • Investigation of cell-intrinsic processes, such as DNA replication, in relation to modified cytosine mutagenesis.

Main Results:

  • External mutagens interact differently with modified versus unmodified cytosines.
  • DNA modifications can sometimes offer protection against mutagenesis.
  • Cell-intrinsic processes, including DNA replication, influence the mutagenesis of modified cytosines.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic changes significantly influence the accumulation of mutations across different tissues.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending tissue-specific mutation patterns.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between epigenetics and mutagenesis.