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Very sharp adiabatic bends based on an inverse design.

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    Researchers demonstrate ultra-compact 90° micro-bends for optical waveguides using inverse design. These digital waveguide metastructures enable efficient adiabatic optical wave propagation with minimal loss and high mode suppression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Metamaterials and nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Adiabatic optical wave propagation is crucial for integrated photonic circuits.
    • Achieving sharp bends in multimode waveguides with low loss and high mode selectivity is challenging.
    • Existing waveguide designs often require large footprints, limiting miniaturization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate ultra-sharp 90° micro-bends for adiabatic optical wave propagation in multimode waveguides.
    • To design and fabricate compact bending structures using inverse design and digital waveguide metastructures.
    • To achieve low insertion loss and high suppression ratios for the fundamental mode.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an inverse design method to create novel waveguide metastructures.
    • Fabricated the designed micro-bend structures on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform.
    • Characterized the optical performance, including transmission loss and mode suppression, via experimental measurements and numerical simulations.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated 90° micro-bends with footprints as small as 2.6 μm × 2.6 μm.
    • Achieved low insertion loss of ~1 dB for the TE00 mode in 2 μm wide waveguides with 1 μm bending radii.
    • Obtained a suppression ratio of >20 dB for higher-order modes.
    • Measured transmission spectra consistent with numerical simulations over a 40 nm bandwidth.

    Conclusions:

    • The inverse design method successfully created compact and efficient micro-bend structures for optical waveguides.
    • These digital waveguide metastructures enable adiabatic wave propagation around sharp corners with excellent mode control.
    • The fabricated devices show great potential for miniaturizing integrated photonic circuits and advanced optical systems.