Nanoparticle mucoadhesive system as a new tool for fish immune system modulation

Area of Science:

• Aquatic pharmacology
• Nanotechnology
• Fish immunology

Background:

• Chitosan-based nanoparticles offer mucoadhesive properties for mucosal drug delivery.
• Developing effective drug delivery systems for fish is crucial for aquaculture and conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the interaction between mucoadhesive chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPMA) and fish external mucus.
• To evaluate NPMA as a potential drug delivery system for fish via immersion.

Main Methods:

• NPMA were prepared and characterized for size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and pH.
• Fluorescently labeled NPMA were used to track their distribution in fish after immersion exposure.
• Fluorescence imaging quantified NPMA concentration and distribution in various fish tissues over time.

Main Results:

• NPMA exhibited concentration-dependent adherence to fish mucus.
• Increased fluorescence was observed in fish tissues over time post-exposure.
• Spleen and liver showed the highest fluorescence, followed by gills, indicating systemic uptake.
• Minimal residual NPMA was detected in the water, suggesting low environmental impact.

Conclusions:

• Mucoadhesive nanocarriers like NPMA are effective for fish mucosal drug administration.
• NPMA facilitate drug and immunomodulator delivery through immersion systems.
• The observed tissue distribution suggests potential for systemic drug targeting in fish.