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ADHD and math - The differential effect on calculation and estimation.

Dana Ganor-Stern1, Ofir Steinhorn2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were slower in exact calculation and estimation tasks compared to controls. However, ADHD did not affect accuracy, suggesting working memory impacts calculation strategy execution.

Keywords:
Attention disorderComputation estimationNumerical cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting executive functions.
  • Mathematical cognition in ADHD is an area of ongoing research, particularly concerning calculation and estimation skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of adults with and without ADHD on exact multiplication and estimation tasks.
  • To investigate the impact of working memory on calculation strategy execution in ADHD during estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants with and without ADHD solved exact and estimated multidigit multiplication problems.
  • Reaction times and accuracy were recorded, and strategy use (approximated calculation, sense of magnitude) was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • ADHD participants were slower but not less accurate than controls in both exact calculation and estimation.
  • Both groups showed similar performance enhancements for smaller problems and specific reference number conditions.
  • ADHD participants exhibited greater difficulty executing the approximated calculation strategy, which is resource-intensive for working memory.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD selectively impairs calculation processes in estimation tasks reliant on working memory.
  • Estimation skills based on sense of magnitude remain unaffected by ADHD.
  • Findings highlight the role of working memory in mathematical processing and have educational implications for supporting students with ADHD.