Longitudinal Research
Design Example: Frog Muscle Response
Factorial Design
Fixed Action Patterns
Framing Effects
Group Design
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
Published on: June 6, 2011
1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
This study presents a method for analyzing longitudinal data in educational and psychological research using explanatory item response models. It details how to detect fixed effects in Mplus for complex between-within designs.
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