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Supramaximal Eccentrics Versus Traditional Loading in Improving Lower-Body 1RM: A Meta-Analysis
Andrew N L Buskard1, Heath R Gregg1, Soyeon Ahn1
1a University of Miami.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|June 12, 2018
Summary
Supramaximal eccentric training (SME) does not significantly improve lower-body strength more than traditional resistance training (TRAD). Current evidence suggests SME may not be superior for enhancing 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in most individuals.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Traditional resistance training (TRAD) for maximal strength focuses on large muscle groups, full range of motion, and loads near 85% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM).
- Supramaximal eccentric training (SME), involving controlled lowering of loads exceeding the concentric 1RM, shows potential for increasing lower-body strength.
- Concerns about injury risk, soreness, and lack of superior benefit over TRAD may limit SME's practical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of supramaximal eccentric training (SME) versus traditional resistance training (TRAD) for enhancing lower-body strength.
- To determine if SME elicits greater improvements in 1-repetition maximum (1RM) compared to TRAD.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis was conducted on 5 studies meeting specific inclusion criteria.
- Studies included participants with at least 6 weeks of resistance training experience and utilized common exercise modalities like the leg press.
- Exclusion criteria included the use of isokinetic dynamometers, ensuring relevance to typical gym settings.
Main Results:
- The meta-analysis found no statistically significant difference in lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) improvements between supramaximal eccentric training (SME) and traditional resistance training (TRAD).
- The calculated effect size indicated a negligible difference, with confidence intervals encompassing zero.
- The heterogeneity among studies (I² = 56.78%) suggests variability in results, though the overall trend did not favor SME.
Conclusions:
- Implementing supramaximal eccentric training (SME) over traditional resistance training (TRAD) for lower-body strength gains may not be universally beneficial.
- Further research is needed to explore the potential advantages of incorporating periodic SME within predominantly TRAD programs.
- Investigating differential effects of SME in highly trained individuals compared to novice or intermediate trainees is recommended.
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