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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

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Feedback control for defect-free alignment of colloidal particles.

Yu Gao1, Richard Lakerveld

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong S.A.R. kelakerveld@ust.hk.

Lab on a Chip
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a feedback control strategy for reliable colloidal particle alignment using directed self-assembly in microfluidic devices. The automated method precisely controls particle density and alignment for defect-free structures, enabling novel material fabrication.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physics

Background:

  • Precise alignment of small-scale building blocks is crucial for manufacturing novel materials.
  • Directed self-assembly offers a promising route for single-particle resolution alignment.
  • Challenges in directed self-assembly include design uncertainty, randomness, and system disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an integrated feedback control strategy for reliable colloidal particle alignment.
  • To utilize directed self-assembly with electric field properties as manipulated variables in a microfluidic device.
  • To achieve single-particle resolution alignment for fabricating defect-free structures.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing a feedback control strategy within a microfluidic device.
  • Controlling particle density to ensure defect-free assembly.
  • Employing a novel control method for particle alignment using electric field properties.
  • Exploiting electrokinetic phenomena for automated, hierarchical control.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reliable alignment of colloidal particles with single-particle resolution.
  • Successfully self-assembled defect-free structures, specifically lines.
  • Ensured systematic restriction of system ergodicity for hierarchical control.
  • Achieved full automation of all assembly steps.

Conclusions:

  • The developed feedback control strategy reliably aligns colloidal particles via directed self-assembly.
  • The automated, hierarchical approach enables the fabrication of defect-free structures with high precision.
  • The generic method can be extended for assembling more complex structures by incorporating additional density control steps.