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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

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CUTANEOUS POLYPOID MELANOMA OF HEAD AND NECK.

U Wollina1, G Hansel1, J Schönlebe1

  • 11Department of Dermatology and Allergology; 2Institue of Pathology "Georg Schmorl", Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University, Dresden, Germany.

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Cutaneous polypoid melanoma, a rare and typically aggressive skin cancer, can present differently in elderly patients. This study found older individuals may not experience aggressive disease, suggesting varied clinical behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cutaneous polypoid melanoma is an uncommon malignant melanoma subtype.
  • It is often characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and can appear sessile or pedunculated.
  • The typical demographic is younger adults.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed polypoid melanomas of the head and neck region treated between 2001 and 2018.
  • Three female patients over 80 years old with neck and cheek tumors were identified.
  • Unlike previous reports, these elderly patients did not present with metastatic spread.

Findings:

  • Polypoid melanomas in the head and neck region can occur in elderly patients.
  • In this cohort, the disease course was not aggressive.
  • Delayed Mohs surgery was the treatment modality.

Implications:

  • Head and neck polypoid melanomas may exhibit a less aggressive course in elderly patients.
  • Differential diagnoses for these lesions in older adults include Merkel cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastases.
  • Clinical presentation and patient age are crucial factors in assessing prognosis and guiding treatment for polypoid melanoma.