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Network overload due to massive attacks.

Yosef Kornbluth1,2, Gilad Barach1, Yaakov Tuchman1

  • 1Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, 500 West 185th Street, New York, New York 10033, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Network attacks can cause cascading failures. This study reveals a phase transition where small attacks destroy networks, while larger attacks preserve them, highlighting critical thresholds for network resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Network science
  • Statistical physics

Background:

  • Cascading failures are a critical vulnerability in complex networks.
  • Understanding network robustness against targeted attacks is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of cascading failures in networks under varying attack strengths and node tolerance.
  • To identify critical thresholds and phase transitions governing network collapse.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Motter and Lai model for cascading failures.
  • Analyzing betweenness centrality as a measure of node load.
  • Simulating attacks on random regular and Erdös-Renyi graphs.
  • Calculating the fraction of surviving nodes (p_f) as a function of initial attack survival (p) and tolerance (α).

Main Results:

  • A first-order phase-transition line (p_t(α)) was identified, separating network collapse from survival.
  • A critical point (p_c, α_c) was found where cascading failures transition to a second-order percolation transition.
  • Analytical calculations provided insights into node betweenness and a lower bound for p_t(α).

Conclusions:

  • Network robustness is highly sensitive to the initial attack fraction and node tolerance.
  • The study elucidates the distinct mechanisms of cascading failures and percolation transitions.
  • Findings offer a quantitative understanding of network vulnerability and resilience.