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Related Concept Videos

Activation of Integrins01:15

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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
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The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
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Integrin activity in neuronal connectivity.

Johanna Lilja1, Johanna Ivaska2,3

  • 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.

Journal of Cell Science
|June 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrins are crucial for brain development and neuronal connections. This review explores their role in neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, highlighting new research on integrin regulation in the brain.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderIntegrin activityNeurite outgrowthSchizophreniaSynaptic plasticitySynaptogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Correct synaptic formation is vital for brain function.
  • Integrins mediate cell adhesion and are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia.
  • Integrin signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) is less understood than in other cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review integrin roles in neuronal development and adult brain function.
  • To summarize mechanisms regulating neuronal integrin activity.
  • To highlight emerging links between integrins and neurodevelopment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of integrin function in the CNS.
  • Analysis of genetic links between integrins and NDDs.
  • Examination of integrin-ECM interactions and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Integrins regulate neurite outgrowth, synapse formation/maintenance, and plasticity.
  • ASD and schizophrenia genetics show links to integrin pathways.
  • Mechanisms controlling neuronal integrin activity are being identified.

Conclusions:

  • Integrins are critical regulators of neuronal connectivity and brain development.
  • Dysregulation of integrin pathways is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Further research into neuronal integrin signaling is warranted.