Interventional Radiology Management of Nonresectable Neoplasia

Whenever possible, surgical removal of tumors should be pursued because this likely allows for the best possible outcome for a particular patient; however, this may not be pursued for various reasons. In those situations, interventional radiology (IR) options can be considered as definitive therapy or palliation. Locoregional therapies such as intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization/chemoembolization, while rarely reported in veterinary medicine, offer an alternative minimally invasive treatment option. In addition, drainage of body fluids or neoplastic effusions can be established via IR means, and when tumors are not removed, but luminal patency needs to be reestablished, palliative stenting can also be performed.