Bio-chemo-mechanics of thoracic aortic aneurysms

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cardiovascular Research
• Mechanobiology

Background:

• Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) predominantly occur in the ascending aorta.
• The ascending aorta's susceptibility to TAA is influenced by a complex interplay of factors.
• Existing research highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of these contributing elements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the unique bio-chemo-mechanical environment predisposing the ascending aorta to TAA.
• To synthesize recent advances in understanding the contributing factors to TAA development.
• To identify future research directions for improved TAA treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, cell phenotype, and extracellular matrix in TAA.
• Analysis of advancements in quantifying biaxial deformation and failure behavior of the TAA wall.
• Examination of imaging and modeling techniques for hemodynamic analysis related to TAA formation.

Main Results:

• Solid mechanics advances include detailed quantification of TAA wall deformation and failure.
• Fluid mechanics progress involves imaging and modeling of hemodynamics implicated in TAA development.
• Cellular studies reveal changes in contractility for mechanical sensing and signal transduction.
• Matrix defect research underscores the multifactorial etiology of thoracic aortic aneurysms.

Conclusions:

• The bio-chemo-mechanical environment significantly contributes to ascending aorta TAA susceptibility.
• Integrating solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, cell phenotype, and matrix composition is crucial.
• Future research should focus on a holistic, integrated approach for enhanced TAA treatment strategies.