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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
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Mixtures of Acids01:19

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

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A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Armour® Thyroid Rage - A Dangerous Mixture.

Joshua Coutinho1, Justin B Field1, Anupam A Sule1

  • 1Internal Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Oakland, USA.

Cureus
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A young man experienced a heart attack after self-administering Armour Thyroid and testosterone. This combination can increase cardiovascular risks due to enhanced blood clotting. Patients should avoid self-medicating with thyroid supplements or anabolic steroids.

Keywords:
armour thyroiddrug interactionshypercoagulabilitylevothyroxinemyocardial infarctionst-segment elevation myocardial infarctionstemitestosterone replacement therapythrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Armour Thyroid, a natural thyroid supplement, is misused for weight loss without medical supervision.
  • Significant drug interactions, particularly with cardiovascular events, are possible but underreported.
  • This case highlights potential risks associated with unsupervised use of thyroid supplements.

Observation:

  • A 32-year-old male presented with chest pain, diaphoresis, and shortness of breath.
  • He was self-administering 120 mg of Armour Thyroid daily and exogenous testosterone.
  • Diagnostic findings included ST-segment elevation, elevated troponins, and an occluded left anterior descending artery.

Findings:

  • Thyroid profile indicated exogenous thyroid hormone administration (low TSH, high free T3).
  • Elevated testosterone levels confirmed concurrent use of testosterone replacement therapy.
  • The patient's myocardial infarction was likely caused by a synergistic drug interaction between Armour Thyroid and testosterone, promoting a hypercoagulable state.

Implications:

  • Combined use of thyroid supplements and androgens can potentiate hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic states, increasing cardiovascular event risk.
  • Patients should be strongly discouraged from self-administering thyroid hormones or anabolic steroids due to potential drug interactions.
  • The lack of T3 standardization in Armour Thyroid warrants caution, and its use should be avoided.